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- AGED: A
horse that is ten (10) years or older.
- AMATEUR:
One
who rides or drives for the love of the sport and not as a
profession or for profit.
- APPOINTMENTS:
The
correct bridling, saddlery, harnessing, vehicles, etc. used with
different types of horses, and which have been standardized by custom.
- BIKE: The
modern racing sulky with two bicycle-type wheels to which a roadster
horse is driven at trotting or pacing gaits, though only the former
is acceptable at horse shows.
- CANTER: A
threebeat gait; a slow, collected gallop, natural to the American
Saddlebred. In western classes it is known as a lope.
- COMBINATION:
A
series of jumps set at related distances apart and thus requiring
the horse to take a set number of strides (1 or 2) between each
obstacle. If the horse refuses the second or third obstacle in a
combination, he must rejump the entire combination.
- CONFORMATION:
The
comparison --as to physical characteristics only --of a given horse
to an ideal perfect specimen of his particular breed.
- FALLS: A
fall of rider or horse. Under F.E.I. rules, falls count eight
faults. The rider may continue. A fall eliminates the rider and horse
according to AHSA.
- FAULT: A
penalty point.
- GAITS: The
natural gaits of the horse are the walk, trot, and canter; the rack
and slow gait are artificial.
- HABITS: Refers
to the costume worn by the rider or driver which has been
standardized by costume according to the time of day and type of horse.
- HAND: The
unit by which the height of a horse is measured. A hand is equal to
four inches. A horse measures from the ground at the front leg to the
top of the shoulder, in "hands."
- JUNIOR: Any
horse four years old and under is classified as a junior horse.
- JUNIOR
EXHIBITOR: A
rider who has not yet reached the 18th birthday as of December I
(last year).
- LADIES: Any
event in a horse show in which the horses are exhibited only by
women. Only mares and geldings are shown.
- LIVERPOOL:
A
spread jump set over water or a box designed to simulate water.
- MODEL :
A type of class, judged on conformation and finish only; the entries
are shown in hand.
- NOVICE: A
horse which has not won three first place ribbons in the division in
which he is entered.
- OPEN
CLASS: One
in which any horse of a specified breed is eligible, regardless of
age, sex, number of first ribbons, or the amateur or professional
status of the rider or driver.
- OXER:
A fence appearing as two vertical Jumps placed several feet apart to
test the horse's ability to Jump a spread. Usually not as high as a
vertical Jump, but may be.
- PONY :
A pony is not a baby horse. When full grown, a pony does not exceed
14 hands 2 inches in height (58") from the ground to the base of
his neck. For purposes of hunter competition, all ponies are ridden
by Juniors and are divided into three categories: Small Pony-not
exceeding 12 hands and 2 inches; Medium Pony"-over 12 hands and
2 inches but not exceeding 13 hands 2 inches; Large Pony-over 13
hands 2 inches but not exceeding 14 hands 2 inches.
- QUARTER
BOOTS: The
white protective boots worn by five-gaited horses to prevent damage
to the front feet due to overstepping by the back feet.
- RACK: One
of the gaits of the five-gaited horses, the rack is executed in
four-beat cadence, each foot striking the ground separately.
- RECOGNIZED:
This
term refers to the official recognition of a horse show by the
American Horse Shows Association, Inc.
- RESERVE
CHAMPION: In
a Championship class, the second place winner is designated as
"Reserve Champion."
- RIBBON
COLORS: First
place, blue; second, red; third, yellow; fourth, white; fifth, pink;
sixth, green; seventh, purple; eighth, brown.
- ROAD
GATE: A
modestly rapid trot performed by the road horse or roadster, at a
speed designed to cover long distances without unduly tiring the horse.
- SEAT
AND HANDS: A
term referring to the ability of a rider to sit in the saddle with
grace and control of his mount.
- SLOW
GAIT: A
stepping gait similar to, but slower than, the rack. One of the
artificial gaits of the five-gaited horse.
- SPREAD: Distance
from front to back of an obstacle. In a water jump, that distance is
often 14 feet.
- SQUARE: In
all classes, gaits of the horse should be even, natural, balanced
and true.
- STAKE: A
championship, or preliminary to championship class.
- STRIP: To
remove the saddle from the horse so that the judge may check his conformation.
- TIE: To
rate the horse as it finishes in a class-1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.
- TIME
ALLOWED: The
time, determined by the length of the course, in which the
competitors are required to complete the course. Those exceeding the
time allowed are penalized 1/4 fault for each second over the time allowed.
- TROT: A
balanced, two-beat diagonal gait.
- USEF: The United States Equestrian Federation. Founded in 1917, this body governs American equine sports.
- VERTICAL:
An
obstacle consisting of two end poles called standards with several
rails connecting the standards. It is a fence of height with not spread.
- WALK-TROT:
Another
term for the three-gaited Saddle horse; it is used to distinguish
between three and five-gaited Saddle horses.
- WALKING
THE COURSE: the
stepping off or measurement of the strides between obstacles. Allows
the riders, according to their measurements, to learn the proper
number of strides between jumps that will produce the smoothest round
of jumping.
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USEF Jumping Faults:
Knockdown of Obstacle, Standard or Wing . . . 4 faults
First Disobedience anywhere on course . . . 4 faults
Level 5 or higher Second Cumulative Disobedience anywhere on course . . . elimination
Below Level 5 Second Cumulative Disobedience anywhere on course . . . 4 faults
Third Disobedience . . . Elimination
Fall of Horse and/or Rider . . . Elimination
Exceeding Time Allowed . . . 1 fault for Each Second
Jumping Obstacles out of order . . . Elimination |
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